​​January 2021, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-7. 

​​​The effect of Solvent on the Phytochemical and Antimicrobial activity of Adansonia digitata Leaf

A. A. Alafy¹*, D. Kubmarawa¹, F. D. Davuram¹, M. Musa², M. Akwaras³
¹Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Applied Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
²Department of Biochemistry, Biochemistry Laboratory Unit, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.
³Department of Veterinary and Science Laboratory Technology, Federal college of Animal and Health Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.

​​​*Corresponding author’s e-mail:alafyahmedalex@gmail.com   

​Abstract

​Adansonia digitata leaf is widely spread in hot drier region of tropical Africa. It is used mostly in the northern part of Nigeria as soup and to treat fatigue, dysentery, disease of urinary tract, snake bite etc. The effect of solvent on the Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of A. digitata was carefully examined in this research work using ethanol, n-Hexane, ethyl-acetate and Aqueous as extracting solvent, using standard methods. The Phytochemical screening shows the presence of almost all the secondary metabolite tested for such as Glycoside, Saponins, Phytosterols, Phenols, Anthraquinones, Carbohydrate and Tannins in all the four crude extract, Alkaloids,  Flavonoids were absent in Aqueous extract and Steroid was also found absent in n-Hexane extract. The antimicrobial activity of the plant ethanol,  n-Hexane, ethyl-acetate and Aqueous crude extract was carried out using agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus aureus and were all found to be reasonably active and effective against the tested isolates, however ethanol is a better extracting medium for the Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of A. digitata than the rest of the solvent used as this gives credence to the used of A. digitata as  food and for medicinal purposes.

Keywords:Adansonia digitata; Antimicrobial activity; Phytochemical; Microorganism.

​References

  1. Alafy AA, Davuram FD, Kubmarawa D, Okechukwu JO, Emmanuel IV. Chemical Composition of Crude Extract and Essential oils Isolated from Baobab Plant Adansonia digitata. International Journal of Modern Science and Technology 2020;5(7):191-5.
  2. Food and Agriculture Organization. Trade in medicinal plants. In: Economic and Social Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 2004;2-3.
  3. Gebauer J, El-Siddig K, Ebert G. Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): A review on a multipurpose tree with promising future in the Sudan. Gartenbauwissenschaft. 2002; 67: 155-160
  4. Dan S, Dan SS. Phytochemical Study of Adansonia. A text of higher learning. Donal Publisher 2nd Edition, page 174. (Adansonia digitata).  Feedipedia.org. 1986;8:59.
  5. Barminas JT, Charles M, Emmanuel D. Mineral composition of non-conventional leafy vegetables. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 1998;53:29-36.
  6. Vertuani S, Braccioli E, Buzzoni V, Manfredini S. Antioxidant capacity of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp and leaves. Acta Phytotherapeutica. 2002;2(6):2-7.
  7. Kubmarawa D, Ajoku GA, Enwerem NM, Okorie DA. Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of 50 medicinal plants from Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol 2007;6:1690-6.
  8. Sofowora AE. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines in Africa. Screening plants for Bioactive agents. 2nd edition. Sunshine house, Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books Lmt; Ibadan, Nigeria. 1993;289:134-56.
  9. Harbone JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Chapman and Hall Ltd. London. 1973;279.
  10. Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy. 15th Ed. London: Saunders publishers. 2002.
  11. Mitscher LA, Leu RP,Balhala MS, Beal JI, White R. Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. Introduction, rational and methodology, Liayadia 1972;35:157-66.
  12. Ali NAA, Julich WD, Kusnick C, Lindequist U. Screening of Yemeni medicinal plants foranti bacterial and cytotoxicactivities. J Ethnophamacol 2001;74:173-9
  13. Ogunwade IA. Composition patterns of the essential oils of the leaves of Eucalyptus, Thuja, Callitris & Melaleuca species growing in Nigeria.PhD.Thesis Department of chemistry university of Nigeria. 2001.
  14. Kubmarawa D Kidah M.I, Shagal M.H. Antimicrobial Activities of Essential oils from some medicinal and Aromatic plants. British Biotechnology Journal 2016;14(3):1-6.
  15. Zagga AL, Abduljabbar IA, Garko MR. Tsoho B, Gbande S. Phytochemical Composition of Adansonia digitata Leaf extracts. Proceedings of 6th Biodiversity Conference UniUyo 2018;300-4.
  16. Shagal MH, Kubmarawa D, Alim H. Preliminary phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial evaluation of roots, stem-bark and leaves extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics 2012;2(1):11-5.
  17. Dahiru D, Malgwi AR, Sambo HS. Growth inhibitory effect of Senna siamea leaf extracts on selected microorganisms. American Journal of Medicine and Medical Science 2013;3(5):103-7.

International Journal of Modern Science and Technology

INDEXED IN 

ISSN 2456-0235