ISSN 2456-0235

International Journal of Modern Science and Technology

INDEXED IN 

​​​​​​​September-October 2020, Vol. 5, No. 9-10, pp. 240-245. 

​​​Effects of solvents on phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of leaf extract from Vigna unguiculata

F. D. Davuram*¹, A. A. Alafy¹, D. Kubmarawa¹, S. I. Aliyu²
¹Department of Chemistry, Moddibo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria.

²Microbiology Laboratory, Gombe State University, Nigeria.

​​​*Corresponding author’s e-mail:dommunfd@gmail.com   

​Abstract

​Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), an indigenous African legume crop, is used to treat epilepsy, bilharzia, chest pains and constipation. The leaf extract of V. unguiculata is an important source of polyphenolics and other phytochemicals with different functional effects like antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This study strongly lay emphases on the effects of solvents on phytochemical and microbial properties of leaf extracts of V. unguiculata. The solvents like Ethanol, Ethyl ether, n- hexane and aqueous were used for the crude extracts for determination of the phytochemicals and microbial potentials of the leaf of V. unguiculata extract. The results of phytochemical screening of V. unguiculata leaf extract has shown the potency of the plant for antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the different solvents shows greater activity against different bacterial strains which was performed by agar well diffusion method. Ethanol extract of Vigna leaf shows greater activity against bacterial strains compared to the other three solvents, n-Hexane extract shows least activity but shows greatest activity against E. coli as compared to ethanol, Ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. Ethanol extracts of Vigna leaf shows greater activity against H. pyroli almost the same strength with standard drug (Amoxicilin 200 µg). From the results obtained it shows Ethanol extracts of V. unguiculata leaf extract gives better potency against bacterial activity.

Keywords:V. unguiculata; Phytochemical; Antimicrobial activity; Microorganisms; Extracts.

​References

  1. Ahmad I, Aqil F, Owais M. Modern phytomedicine. Turning medicinal plants into drugs. KGaA, Weinheim: WieleyvchVerlag GmbH & Co; 2006;200.
  2. Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin R. Complementary and alternative medicine Use among adults and children: United States. CDC National Health Statistics Report.  2008;12.
  3. Farnsworth NR, Akerele O, Bingel AS, Soejarto DD, Guo ZG. Medicinal plants in therapy. Bull World Health Organ. 1984;63:965-981.
  4. Hamann O. The Joint IUCN – WWF Plants Conservation Programme, its Interest in Medicinal Plants. In: Akerele O., Heywood V. and Synge H. (Eds) Conservation of Medicinal Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1988; pp. 1-27.
  5. Patra A, Jha S, Murthy PN, Sharone A. Isolation and characterization of Stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (β-sitosterol) from the leaves of Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders. International Journal Pharma Sciences, Research. 2010;1:95-100.
  6. Van Wyk BE, Gericke N. People’s Plants: a Guide to Useful plants in Southern Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria. 2000; 192.
  7. Hutchings A., Haxton S. A., Lewis G., Cunningham A. B.  Zulu. Medicinal Plants: An Inventory. University of Natal Press, Scottsville, ISBN 086–980–893–1: 1996; 146.
  8. Ndamba J, Nyazema N, Makaza N, Anderson C, Kaondera KC. Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary shistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1994;42:125-32.
  9. Nyazema NZ. Medicinal plants of wide use in Zimbabwe. In: Leewenberg AJM (Ed) Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Proceedings of Symposium of the 14th International Botanical Congress, Berlin. Pudoc, Wageningen; 1987. pp. 36-43.
  10. WHO Global Report on Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance, with data Provided by 114 countries. 2014;194:257
  11. Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy. 15th Ed. London: saunders publishers; 2002.
  12. Sofowora, E.A: Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, spectrum books            limited, Ibadan, Nigeria. 1993:  Text book chapter 1 and 2.
  13. Harbone JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Chapman and Hall Ltd. London. 1973:279
  14. Madubuike UA, Rosemary CO. Antimicrobial activity of Nigerian medicinal plants. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology. 2017;6:240-59.
  15. Seokwon K, Roman K, Rabi AM. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of sulfur-containing compounds from Petiveria alliacea L. Journal Ethnopharmacol. 2006;104:188-92.
  16. Shagal MH, Kubmarawa D, Alim H. Preliminary phytochemical Investigation, antimicrobial evaluation of roots, stem-bark and leaves extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis. International Research Journal of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics. 2012;2(1):11-5.
  17. Huang Y, Zhang Q. Genistein reduced the neural apoptosis in the brain of ovariectomised rats by modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Br J Nutr. 2010;104:1297-303.
  18. Dahuru D, Malgwi AR, Sambo HS. Growth inhibitory effect of Senna siamea leaf extracts on selected microorganisms. American Journal of Medicine and Medical Science. 2013;3(5):103-10.
  19. Ali Na A, Julich WD, Kusnick C, Lindequist U. Screening of Yemeni medicinal plants foranti bacterial and cytotoxicactivities. Jethnophamacol. 2001;74:173-9.